How To Choose the Best Essay Topics For Your Course

How To Choose the Best Essay Topics For Your CourseWith so many essay topics available in the college essay writing center, it can be difficult to know which ones are worth your time and effort. It is also important to remember that some of these topics are not included in the grade structure and will not be utilized as a tool to assess your essay grade. In fact, if you select topics that are already used as class assignments, you may find yourself dealing with a lot of bad press.There are numerous online essay services that offer essays on all of the upcoming essay topics. However, they typically charge a high price for these services. This usually includes their service fees and a percentage of the fee that is given to the teaching center. Some offer essay grading services that guarantee the essays to be correct and complete.If you want to save money on essay topics, then you should choose a good choice. Before you purchase a service, look for the following: how many questions per topic, how long each essay topic is, and what subject matter will be covered. One service will have several topics, while others will have one or two. If you pay extra for these services, you will need to include them in your evaluation of your essay.The length of each essay topic is important because you do not want to be spending valuable time to complete a subpar assignment. The higher the quality of the teaching, the better your grade. While there are many of these services available, many students are unaware of how to effectively use them.If you are very committed to getting a high grade, make sure you find the services with big discounts. You may even be able to find some that are offering their essay grading services for free.Always remember that essays have so much information that they need to be reviewed in order to pass the course. An essay with poor quality of grammar, spelling, and content will greatly reduce your grade. Before you write an essay, you need to keep this in mind.By taking a few minutes to review the essay writing center before you actually write the essay, you will know what topics to choose, how long each topic should be, and which subjects to review. This will help you achieve higher grades. In addition, you will not be spending so much time to write an essay that will be so easy to fail.

Analysis of the Translation of the Analects of Confucius

Jpz777 04/29/2013 Order # 2094035 In an authoritative and widely cited translation of the Analects of Confucius originally published in 1938, celebrated English sinologist Arthur Waley provided the most comprehensive explication of this enduring contribution to humanistic philosophy, one which has since been continually reprinted for scholarly study. An anthology of short yet powerful passages which capture the beliefs taught by Confucius during his lifetime, the Analects offers a fluid recreation of Confucius and his associated teachings, through the prism provided by the evolving structure of the school of thought created. Beginning with a sober deconstruction of the mythologizing which has come to define the Western conception of Confucius, of whom Waley states it appears from the Analects that he was a private person who trained the sons of gentlemen in the virtues proper to a member of the ruling class (14), this translation offers modern readers with an comprehensive and historically accurate interpretation of the Analects, and their influence on the resulting system of moral mastery known as Confucianism. Spreading slowly but steadily throughout China after the original texts comprising the Analects was compiled by Confucius pupils in approximately 300 BCE, the philosophy of social and political ethics espoused in these twenty books developed into a combination of religious dogma and ruling doctrine. As Waley notes in the Introduction to his translation, fromShow MoreRelatedPlato and Confucius4610 Words   |  19 Pagesdeeply influenced by Plato’s Republic, Eastern ethical theory has been deeply influenced by Confucius’s Analects. David Haberman describes the Republic as ‘one of the most influential books of all time’ (86). And Bryan Van Norden compares (with considerable fervor) the Analects to ‘the combined influence of Jesus and Socrates’ (3). On the surface, there are many similarities between Confucius and Plato. Both taught through means of dialogue, and both expressed reticence to provide direct definitionsRead MoreThe Question of Socrates Obedience3243 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿The Question of Socrates Obedience, Supported by Confucius Introduction Is it right to act in ones own best interest, or to obey the state? In other words, was Socrates right to obey the orders of the state of Athens to take poison, or should he have acted to preserve his own life by choosing exile or escaping? In The Trial and Death of Socrates, the question is posed to the philosopher whether it is right to act in ones own best interest or to obey the State. Crito argues that the StatesRead More We Should Reach out to Muslims Essay1974 Words   |  8 Pagesdarn boring, too. The Analects of Confucius is in my opinion a seriously dull book.(Analects) The thing about scriptures is that they are not to be taken like any other book. You have to soak yourself in them, preferably from early childhood. For best results, you have to memorize them - as devout Muslims do the Koran, and as gentlemen in Imperial China used to do with the Analects. One of those latter, the 11th-century scholar Cheng Yi, reported that when he read the Analects his hands unconsciouslyRead MoreImportance of Intercultural Communication to Ist7702 Words   |  31 Pages Lynch and Hanson World View A cultures world view is the basic foundation of that culture because it governs both perception and behavior in large and small ways. Rapport and Overing defines world view as the common English translation of the German word Weltanschauung, meaning overarching philosophy or outlook, or conception of the world. It is the phrase overarching philosophy that unmistakably marks the significance of world view. World views are used in constructing, populating

German for Beginners Occupations (Beruf)

Discussing your profession in German requires a new list of vocabulary. Whether your job is as an architect, a doctor, a taxi driver, or if youre still a student, there are many occupational words to learn in German. You can begin with the simple question, Was sind Sie von Beruf? This means, What’s your occupation? Theres so much more to learn and this lesson will give you plenty of new study words and phrases  pertaining to your career. A Cultural Note on Asking About Others Work Its very common for English-speakers to ask a new acquaintance about their profession. Its small talk and a nice way to introduce yourself. However, Germans are less likely to do this. While some Germans may not mind, others may consider it an invasion of their personal sphere. This is something youll just have to play by ear as you meet new people, but its always good to keep in mind. A Note About German Grammar When you say Im a student or hes an architect in German, you normally leave out the a or an. You will say instead ich bin Student(in) or er ist Architekt (no ein or eine). Only if an adjective is added do you use the ein/eine. For instance, er ist ein guter Student (he is a good student) and sie ist eine neue Architektin (she is a new architect). Common Professions (Berufe) In the following chart, you will find a list of common occupations. Its important to note that all professions in  German have both a feminine and a masculine form.   We have listed the feminine form only in cases when it is not simply the standard  -in  ending (as in  der Arzt  and  die Ärztin) or when there is also a difference in English (as in waiter and waitress). You will find the feminine for jobs that are more likely to be feminine (such as a nurse or secretary) and in cases when the German feminine form is very common (as in student). English Deutsch architect der Architekt auto mechanic der Automechaniker baker der Bcker bank teller der Bankangestellte, die Bankangestellte bricklayer, stone mason der Maurer broker stock broker real estate agent/broker der Makler der Brsenmakler der Immobilienmakler bus driver der Busfahrer computer programer der Programmierer, die Programmiererin cook, chef der Koch, der Chefkochdie Kchin, die Chefkchin doctor, physician der Arzt, die rztin employee, white-collar worker der Angestellte, die Angestellte employee, blue-collar worker der Arbeiter, die Arbeiterin IT worker Angestellte/Angestellter in der Informatik joiner, cabinetmaker der Tischler journalist der Journalist musician der Musiker nurse der Krankenpfleger, die Krankenschwester photographer der Fotograf, die Fotografin secretary der Sekretr, die Sekretrin student, pupil (K-12)* der Schler, die Schlerin student (college, univ.)* der Student, die Studentin taxi driver der Taxifahrer teacher der Lehrer, die Lehrerin truck/lorry driver der Lkw-Fahrerder Fernfahrer/Brummifahrer waiter - waitress der Kellner - die Kellnerin worker, laborer der Arbeiter *Note that German makes a distinction between a school student/pupil and a college-level student. Questions and Answers (Fragen und Antworten) Having a conversation about work often involves a number of questions and answers. Studying these common job-related inquiries is a good way to ensure you understand whats being asked and know how to respond. Q: Whats your occupation?Q: What do you do for a living?A: Im a... F: Was sind Sie von Beruf?F: Was machen Sie beruflich?A: Ich bin... Q: Whats your occupation?A: Im in insurance.A: I work at a bank.A: I work at a bookstore. F: Was machen Sie beruflich?A: Ich bin in der Versicherungbranche.A: Ich arbeite bei einer Bank.A: Ich arbeite bei einer Buchhandlung. Q: What does he/she do for a living?A: He/She runs a small business. F: Was macht er/sie beruflich?A: Er/Sie fhrt einen kleinen Betrieb. Q: What does an auto mechanic do?A: He repairs cars. F: Was macht ein Automechaniker?A: Er repariert Autos. Q: Where do you work?A: At McDonalds. F: Wo arbeiten Sie?A: Bei McDonalds. Q: Where does a nurse work?A: In a hospital. F: Wo arbeitet eine Krankenschwester?A: Im Krankenhaus/im Spital. Q: At which company does he work?A: Hes with DaimlerChrysler. F: Bei welcher Firma arbeitet er?A: Er ist bei DaimlerChrysler. Where Do You Work? The question, Wo arbeiten Sie? means Where do you work? Your reply may be one of the following. at Deutsche Bank bei der Deutschen Bank at home zu Hause at McDonalds bei McDonalds at the office im Bro in a garage, auto repair shop in einer/in der Autowerkstatt in a hospital in einem/im Krankenhaus/Spital with a big/small company bei einem groen/kleinen Unternehmen Applying for a Position Applying for a position in German is the phrase sich um eine Stelle bewerben. You will find the following words helpful in that particular process. English Deutsch company, firm die Firma employer der Arbeitgeber employment office das Arbeitsamt (Web link) interview das Interview job application die Bewerbung Im applying for a job. Ich bewerbe mich um eine Stelle/einen Job. resume, CV der Lebenslauf

The Importance Of Clothing And Fashion In The Elizabethan Era

Clothing and fashion was an important part of the Elizabethan Era, as it played a major role in distinguishing social classes among the people. Laws were in place about what people could and could not wear to maintain social structure, and to make sure citizens were not wasting their money on frivolous and unnecessary clothing when the money could be better spent on other necessities such as horses. Both men and women had specific articles of clothing that varied depending on someone s social class. Statutes of Apparel There were sumptuary laws in place during Elizabethan times. Sumptuary laws have been in place since ancient times dictating rules that citizens must follow. Failure to follow the laws could be punishable with fines,†¦show more content†¦Another important aspect of upper-class fashion was ruffs. Large ruffs signified a high status and were fan like pieces of cloth that were worn around the neck, on the wrists, and in veils. As clothing was more for appearance and not for functionality, the clothing was worn in many layers and pieces. Most aspects of their outfit were separate pieces of clothing that were tied together with laces. There was more to fashion for the upper-class than just clothing. Both men and women would spend lots of money and many hours going to a barbershop. Citizens needed to always be up to date on the latest styles. Women tended to dye their hair either red to copy Queen Elizabeth the First or blond. It was also in style to have high hairlines, so women would have their hair plucked until their forehead extended higher. Men also took lots of pride in both their facial hair and hair on their head. In a lot of cases, men wore wigs to be able to have a fashionable hairstyle. Wigs for men typically came in white or blond. The upper-class also had many accessories. For example, women tended to wear hats or silk hairnets in their hair that were adjourned with jewels while men wore silk hats that had a feather or a jewel attached. It was common for upper-class women to be seen carrying a fan and for both men and women to be wearing perfumed gloves. Jewelry was also commonly worn, but women rarely wore earrings.Show MoreRelatedQueen Elizabeth Of The Elizabethan Era1369 Words   |  6 Pageskeep clothing in line. These laws were made to clearly divide the social classes of the time (Alchin). Knowing these laws was very important, because punishments for breaking the laws were harsh. Queen Elizabeth I saw the significance in the clothes people wear and how appearance alters the way people see others. This is why the Elizabethan people would sacrifice anything, even their health, to be beautiful. Queen Elizabeth definitely influenced the clothing of her Era and some of the clothing todayRead MoreElizabeth an Vs. Jacobean Periods2415 Words   |  10 PagesThe Elizabethan and Jacobean periods characterized the architecture of English developments in large country houses. Antique styles of earlier times changed by the architecture of Elizabethan bringing the beauty of Renaissance expose. Even nowadays, there are everywhere examples of the Elizabethan architecture, places like country houses, as a proof of the good work of builders and architects. The houses were built to resist difficulties through the years. At the present time, the choice of livingRead More`` France Virile : Des Tondues A La Liberation, Sexuality, And Sadism8413 Words   |  34 Pageslong recognized hair s key role not only in creating gender but also in symbolizing the relationship between individuals and the society to which they belong (Bartman 4). After the collapse of the Roman Empire, there are little records of hair fashion until the 14th and 15th centuries, a time when Europe was characterized by extravagance. Women would wear their â€Å"houppelandes† (or voluminous gowns), whereas hats and all kinds of headdresses became increasingly important. Women in this century wereRead MoreGrooming and Etiquette Sample Assignment5628 Words   |  23 Pagesand technological advances prompted women to remove hair from different parts of their bodies. It wasn’t until the 20th century that hair removal shifted from the virtually exclusive domain of men. During the post-Victorian era, particularly in the United States, women’s fashions dictated the removal of hair from both legs and underarms. Smooth, clean-shaven legs took on a new appeal during the early days of World War II in the United States. Nylon hosiery became scarce, causing women who had to goRead MoreAnalyzing the Characteristics of Kind Lear Essay4690 Words   |  19 Pagesapart from his youngest son, Edmund, who is merely an opportunist. Like Lear, Gloucester feels despair and questions a god, and like Lear, Gloucester finds his humanity in the midst of his tragedy. The blinded old man who asks that clothing be brought, so that Bedlam Tom might be covered, is a very different man from the Gloucester of Act I, who in the play’s opening scene, bragged of the good sport to be had at Edmund’s conception. Instead of a thoughtless braggart, GloucesterRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pageswork, for example the philosophy of family, educational philosophy, the philosophy of law, and the theory of human rights. In addition to this, issues of philosophy of science are of great importance for the development of the science of social work. http://eris.osu.eu/index.php?kategorie=35174id=5176 IN AN ERA OF CHANGE †¦to reach an understanding of what Social Welfare / Social Work is?.. the issues it should address.. how it should be carried out?†¦ social workers travelled a long path†¦and itRead MoreFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pagesinterpreter of nature†. He supplied the impulse which broke with the medieval preconceptions and set scientific inquiry on modern lines. He emphasized on experimentation and not to accept things for granted. Bacon was indeed an eloquent prophet of new era and the pioneer of modern sciences. The essays of Bacon also portray his intellect and practical wisdom. The varied range of subjects too expresses that ‘he had taken all knowledge to be his province’. Bacon could utter weighty and pregnant remarks

The Preamble Is The Opening Statement Of The Constitution

The preamble is the opening statement of the Unites States constitution adopted in September 17, 1787. The preamble outlines and explains the reasons why the framers of the constitution made the United States a republic, by doing this; the founding fathers replaced the articles of confederation. The preamble helped explain why the constitution was written. The preamble can be broken down into many important phrases, each of them is important to understand the purpose of the United States constitution. The opening phrase of the preamble â€Å"We the people of the United States, in order to form a form or more perfect union† portrays the idea that even though the constitution was written up by some of the most well-educated men of the new country, the rights given under the document were given to all American citizens. The previous government was based on the articles of confederation, which were limited. When the framers of the constitution wrote this phrase, they felt they were making a new government where there was no place for the king; hence this form of government had to be a better job governing a country. Later on, the preamble pretends to establish justice and domestic tranquility. Making sure to establish justice under the constitution was important for the American system, since this was one of the main reasons why th e Americans revolted against England was injustice. Insuring domestic tranquility was one of the main reasons why the constitutional convention was held,Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis of The Gettysburg Address Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesUnion and Confederate soldiers. He creates juxtaposition in his final statement of a â€Å"new birth† and the obstruction of a â€Å"perished† nation. His patriotic address charms his audience into action. The usage of juxtaposition allows Lincoln to transfer the zeal in his speech into action by uniting the people of America. Repetition is the final key rhetorical device in the address. Two examples of repetition are in the opening statement of the Gettysburg Address which set the repetitious nature of theRead More China vs. North Korea: Communism Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThere are a number of similarities between North Korea, The United States and China. That statement could be said about certain aspects of the three countries when looking purely at what is written on paper. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Fact Book all three countries have the essential three branches of government; executive, legislative, and judicial (2012). But it takes little effort to peel away the first layer and see the vast differences between The United StatesRead MoreGettysburg Address Rhetorical Analysis Essay examples889 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Union and Confederate soldiers. He creates juxtaposition in his final statement of a â€Å"new birth† and the obstruction of a â€Å" perished† nation. His patriotic address appeals his audience into action. The usage of juxtaposition allows Lincoln to transfer the zeal in his speech into action by uniting the people of America. Repetition is used in the address as well. Two examples of repetition are in the opening statement of the Gettysburg Address which set the repetitious nature of the whole speechRead MoreDeclaration of Independence9744 Words   |  39 Pagespower as a work designed to convince a candid world that the American colonies were justified in seeking to establish themselves as an independent nation.(2) The text of the Declaration can be divided into five sections--the introduction, the preamble, the indictment of George III, the denunciation of the British people, and the conclusion. Because space does not permit us to explicate each section in full detail, we shall select features from each that illustrate the stylistic artistry of theRead More366 JUSTICE DELAYED IS JUSTICE DENIED ARTICLE2959 Words   |  12 Pagesin mind the Preamble to the Indian constitution, interalia, declares that -- We the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign, socialist, secular, Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens -- Justice, -- social, economic and political .... . But sixty years after Independence, we have endless laws but not enough justice. The founding fathers of our constitution placed Justice at the highest pedestal and our preamble to the constitution placed justiceRead More Faith Based Organizations vs. the Separation of Church and State2438 Words   |  10 Pagesthe United States of America and prevents the nation from affirming any particular religion. Therefore, the First Amendment to the Constitution that formulates a mandate for the separation of church and state was designed to alleviate problems. Based on citations from a website article the Christian Banner exchange, in the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America states that, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the freeRead MoreJudicial Review and Judicial Supremacy: a Paradigm of Constitutionalism in Nigeria.15519 Words   |  63 Pagesreview and judicial power in Nigeria under the 1999 Constitution in relation to the constitution itself and in relation to the political branches of government. This is essentially to locate where lays supremacy between the branches and the judiciary particularly the Supreme Court with its final appellate jurisdiction. Judicial review and supremacy of the judiciary had been of recurring academic discuss in some jurisdictions with written Constitutions, particula rly the United States from where NigeriaRead MoreNationalism and Transnationalism in the Context of the European Union28567 Words   |  115 Pages 3.1. International Relations perspectives 36 3.2. Nationalism and Transnationalism 40 4. The future of Europe: National debates 46 4.1. The EU: State of Nations or Nation-State? 47 4.2. The European Union and its Citizens 61 4.3. Constitution for the European Union? 67 Conclusions 72 Bibliography 76 APPENDIX 82 Introduction The twentieth century bears tragic scars left by the First and Second World Wars. Fifty million soldiers and civilians lost their lives in conflicts thatRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Legal Regime For The Better Future Of Children Essay6622 Words   |  27 Pagesthat no child is deprived of his/ her liberty arbitrarily or unlawfully. Overview of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 Article 15 of the Constitution of India (―Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth) allows for positive discrimination. Article 15 (3) of the Constitution of India states, ― Nothing in this article shall pre vent the State from making any special provision for women and children.† Article 39 (―Certain principlesRead MoreMy Personal Experience Of God7569 Words   |  31 Pagesthe Holy Ghost, be blessing and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honor, and power, and might, for ever and ever. Amen (Sermon). How do you interpret the statement â€Å"Jesus Christ is Lord†? As Paul stated in 1Corithians 12:3 †¦no one can say â€Å"Jesus is Lord, except by the Holy Spirit.† Jesus Christ is Lord is a phrase or statement that every Christian holds in high esteem. This says, Jesus is in control of my life. Paul used this phrase in his letter to the Philippians, â€Å"So that at the name

Primary Healthcare Initiative Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Primary Healthcare Initiative. Answer: Introduction The Nurse practitioner in aged care is a community/primary care initiative by the government which is based on supporting the general practices that improve clinical outcomes (Shi 2012). The health initiative is also based on promoting the chances of maintaining good health among individuals with complex conditions or chronic conditions. Additionally, it promotes access to healthcare through encouraging a culture of quality improvement in primary health care thus effective in addressing diverse healthcare problem faced by the population in the country. The community healthcare initiative is one of the programs in the country that helps in achieving a healthy nation as well as enhancing the citizen's access to quality and reliable healthcare services irrespective of their position in the society. NP in aged care further enhances the governments support which improves healthcare outcomes leading to improved ability of the country to manage chronic conditions. The program encourages col laboration between different stakeholders participating in general practice to enhance their ability to improve care and chronic disease prevention (Grol et al. 2013). Key Elements of the Community/Primary Health Care Initiative Nurse practitioner in aged care is based on five key elements which involves the program topics as the first element (Kitson et al. 2013). The element involves different topics of the collaborative program based on the aims, principles and ideas of change and measures of improvement (Stevens 2013). The element involves different topics such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart disease and chronic disease prevention among other aspects involved in primary care (Zwar et al. 2017). The second key element of the program involves the learning workshops that are based on providing participants with key knowledge and opportunity to improve their care and practice systems. The element further exposes the primary care providers to ideas and experiences from different professionals which play a significant role in improving their practice as well as promoting positive outcomes. This serves as one of the major elements of the program since it provides the basis for achievin g its key objectives of improving the clinical outcomes and maintaining good health among people with complex and chronic conditions. The third key element of the NP in aged care program involves activity periods with local support which is done between and after the learning workshops in order to ensure the implementation of the improvement or new practices learned (Seymour et al. 2013). The element also introduces the aspect of local support for the healthcare practice activities in order to achieve positive outcomes. The element plays a significant role in achieving evidence-based practice; however, implementation is based on cycles of small changes to ensure positive outcomes. Besides, the local support activity promotes the chances of achieving the collaborative approach of the program by ensuring the community members are involved in healthcare services. The element further promotes the chances of effectively improving access to healthcare by promoting a culture of quality improvement in the delivery of primary healthcare. The fourth key element of the program involves providing data reports and feedback whic h helps in analysing the performance of the program. The element creates the need to among primary healthcare providers to deliver monthly data through an online reporting system which demonstrates the improvements within a given time. The last element of the NP in aged care involves spread and sustainability which incorporates participating in local groups that can help in spreading the knowledge on collaboration to general practices (Walsh et al. 2012). The five key elements of the Nurse practitioner in aged care program promote the chances of achieving the desired objectives as well as enhancing quality improvement in primary healthcare services (Stirman et al. 2012). The program has also been effective in promoting collaboration between different primary health care professionals based on sound understanding and application of appropriate care methods and skills. The program's elements have been effective in achieving improved patient outcomes within the country, reducing the risk factors and helping in maintaining good health among individuals with complex conditions. Additionally, the program element have significantly influence the development of a culture that is based on quality improvement in primary health care within the country. Over the years NP in aged care program has encouraged different participants involved in healthcare to support healthcare delivery as well as share experiences and quality improvement skills (McCo rmack, Manley and Titchen 2013). Implications of the Initiative to Key Stakeholders in the Community Nurse practitioner in aged care program has key implications to key stakeholders in the community since it's based on improving the quality of care provided (Wilson, Whitaker and Whitford 2012). The first key implication of the initiative involves improving the overall knowledge of the key stakeholders involved in primary healthcare which helps in delivering quality and effective healthcare services and positive outcomes. The health care initiative is based on collaboration between healthcare professionals, which promotes the chances sharing different experiences and evidence which addressing complex of chronic conditions. The aspect impacts both the primary healthcare providers and the patients in terms of positive outcomes while the healthcare providers enhance their knowledge through collaboration and workshop trainings. The second key implication of the initiative to the key stakeholders in the community involves enhancing the chances of reducing the risk factors and better management of chronic and complex medical conditions such as obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary heart disease among others. The initiative is based on the adoption of measurable, systematic and sustainable improvements in the care to ensure the patients achieve positive outcomes. The initiative significantly impacts the patients with the conditions positively due to improved quality of life, reduced risks and better clinical outcomes (Osheroff 2012). Role of Practitioners in aged-care The role of nurse practitioners (NPs) were initially established to provide healthcare facilities to the populations that were underserved (Clark et al. 2013). Surveys from Australia had indicated that the total number of general practitioners (GPs) visiting the facilities of residential age care were declining along with troubles in accessing the facilities (Abernethy et al. 2013). With the increased challenges in providing the healthcare facilities to the aged population, increased the scope of the NPs in contributing care to the old-aged people (Davis et al. 2016). Research studies within this area had described the role undertaken by the NPs in caring the old aged people followed by the impact of their role in improving the patient outcomes through communication and engagement thereby attributing the model of nursing care that establish the NPs suitable in serving this population. These professional interventions along with the organisational interventions were found to facilitat e structured and regular point of views from the patients in order to improve the nursing care process. Educating the patients and with enhanced nursing role in treating the patients with chronic conditions improved the outcomes of patient (Blackberry et al. 2013). It is estimated that in Australia, general practitioners of approximately 20,000 individuals provide care to 7200 practices. These practices get their support from the regions that are mainly funded by the government and are independent organisations known as general practice divisions. There is also a network of Aboriginal based medical groups who aims at focussing the Aboriginal community. One of the nursing care initiative models can be explained through the Nurse Practitioner Aged Care Models of Practice that assists in disclosing the roles of the nurse practitioners (NP) across Australia (Hungerford Prosser and Davey 2015). The model explains the community based clinic practice that is located in a remote destination for the local populations and tourists without any general practitioner. The medical services were provided to the local population and to several seasonal tourists passing that region by a NP. Among the tourists included old aged people suffering with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiac arrest (Singh 2012). The NP practices compile with comprehensive assessments of health and deliver a series of interventions with coordinate care, prescribing or ceasing medicines, referring the patients to health professionals and ordering the investigations of the diagnostics (Mittler et al. 2013). Apart from all these, another essential work of the NPs is the close relationship with the health practitioners, members of the health teams of multiple discipline and allied health professionals in order to ensure the optimised communication between the stakeholders (Nancarrow et al. 2013). The Australian government donated to establish an initiative of 4 year named the Nurse Practitioner Aged Care Models of Practice Initiative (NP Initiative) in 2011 to address the different heath problems that increased in the ageing population of the nation (Oliver-Baxter Brown and Bywood 2013). The first goal of the initiative was to assist the effective development, economical and sustainable age care NP practice models throughout Australia. The second goal was to provide the growth of NP workforce for the old age caring and the third goal was to generate the access to the primary health nursing by the old aged people (Bardach and Rowles 2012). This initiative of NP implemented 29 NP practice models throughout the metropolitan, urban an d rural locations in Australia (Woods and Murfet 2015). The NP evaluation aimed in comparing each and every aged-care models by assessment of the resource requirements, costs, effectiveness of the models and discovering the patients experience and the delivery of models providers thereby impacting the evaluation of the quality care and health outcomes (Grol et al. 2013). Most of the applicants of the NP program advocated care models in which they actively promoted wellness rather than reacting to illness (Aysola et al. 2013). Some of the applicants of the NP Program proposed to assist the required care through appropriate care culturally. Some of the successful models consists the proposal to implement care to specific linguistic or cultural group such as the people with specific community language or religious clients (Holland 2017). The NP applicant found the prevalence of chronic diseases causing inability among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with age 45 and abo ve (Stephens Cullen and Massey 2014). The applicant found out that the identified health disorders restricted the mobility, life quality and the active participation within the community (Bowling 2014). Within this model, the NP optimized the clients health outcomes by incorporating early intervention and strategies for prevention followed by management of chronic diseases and efficient monitoring and assessment at home (Markle?Rei Browne and Gafni 2013). The NP worked with the clients or patients who were at the verge of ending life and assisted them in transferring them in palliative care (Clark Parker and Davey 2014). The NP gave proposal for the case management and clinic establishment where the NPs would provide disease trajectories, advanced planning, management of the symptoms and preparing the clients and their families for a normal death within the preferred place (Gallant 2015). This provided person-centred palliative care for providing support in natural death and relief from suffering (Karlsson et al. 2014). Another manifestation by the NPs was providing care at the exact time usually after 4p.m. to midnight hours. The group linked with a suburban hospital and made a mobile team to provide primary care to the old aged people at afterhours. All these role of the NPs in the collaborative care of the organisation helped in the primary care of the people suffering from various chronic diseases. Problems and solutions Three major problems were faced while conducting the nursing models by the NPs. First one was the NP model viability as it was challenged by ongoing issues of financial sustainability (Clark Parker and Davey 2014). NPs had restricted access to MBS of Australian Government for example, only 4 MBS (Medical Benefits Schedule) products were available to NPs in comparison to100 items available to GPs (Day et al. 2016). The NPs were paid less. The second problem faced by the NPs was the understanding of the health professionals and community members. The non profit organisation undertook promotional campaign in order to inform the stakeholders about the changes from RAN (Remote Area Nurse) to NP (Ray 2014). Afterwards the NP continuously provided promotional instructions to their working partners such as patients, community members and health professionals (Portillo et al. 2015). Still the stakeholders found problems in understanding the variation of the roles between NP and RAN. Thus, in order to solve this problem there warranted an ongoing urgency in educating the people about the NP roles along with the expanded practice scope of NP (Liebler and McConnell 2016). Associated with this challenge there was another issue in differentiating the NP as a person from their role. For an example when the patients expressed increased satisfaction rates due the service received from the NPs within the community based clinic, confusion aroused in how the consumers differentiated between the role of the NP and the individual. The clarification about the confusion can be cleared by articulating the key stakeholder models. Heath care system had better outcomes than the individual based services (Pillemer et al. 2015). Another problem faced in the NP model was staffing the members (Auerbach et al. 2013). There arouse a seasonal demand to add more staffs in order to support the ongoing operation of the clinic which made the recruitment difficult. Moreover the staff rates were eleva ted because of the salaries provided to the health professionals in the mining companies nearby. This kind of high turnover was usual in remote and rural locations throughout Australia (Kotey and Rolfe 2014). This made the state and the national governments for continued search in sustainable solutions. This issue lead to the foundation of different non profit organisations to support the NP model along with other organisations that agreed in building up the same type of NP practice models with a goal to allocate support to NPs during the peak season of holidays. This problem was solved by filling back the NP position providing them to take required holidays by assuring the needs of the healthcare of the local community would be addressed. Although the general practices of Australia was well computerised in prescribing and entering clinical records but lacked the system to extract the outcome measures from the records. Disease registers, population management team, disease coding and team care were not accustomed to most of the practices. Thus, building a significant capacity was the essential part of the model. Thus to improve this problem, a general practice division that comprised of the existing expertise was allocated to develop a software that had the ability to search the clinical records electronically in order to extract the outcome measures. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that by implementing NP models in primary care can help improve the patients suffering through chronic illness in Australia. NPs proposed to improve the older people care by providing the right care at the right time in the right place. The model provided positive outcomes by improving the access and assisting the clients to prevent hospitalizations thereby preventing the deteriorating condition and supporting the patients to die with dignity. One of the main enabler of the community based localized clinics was the funds and sponsors provided by the non-profit organisations that gave pre-existing framework for the general management and clinical governance. Problems to the nursing model were the limited organisations capacity in order to back-fill the leaves of the NPs and other development entitlements in the profession and to procure recurrent funding in sustaining the model. Apart from all these challenges, the other main challenge was the organisation need to clearly describe the NP model and their role and to deliver understanding among the service key holders. 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Juice Bar and Boost Juice free essay sample

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