Helios Essay

The author makes a point that the corporations should look to the city of Helios for new business opportunities or a new location. Author makes this point on the evidence that the unemployment in the city has been lower when compared to the regional average and that it has historically provided more manufacturing jobs than its share of the region. Further, the author says that Helios is attemption to expand its economic base by attracting companies to focus on Research an developmen of innovative technologies. However, the evidence provided by the author does not straight away lead to the conclusion that the corporations should consider Helios as a new location for seeking business opportunity. The following paragraphs explains how the evidence is not sufficient and the assumption incorrect. Firstly, the author states that the unemployment rate was lower in Helios when compared to the regional average. However, Helios being a industrial center of a particular region, its unemployement rate can’t be compared with the region, but shall be compared with other developed cities. Further, author states that Helios has provide more than its share of region’s manufacturing jobs. It fails to provide the information regarding its share of jobs in other sectors. The author wrongly assumes that the high share of jobs in manufacturing sector as a representative of its share of total jobs. Further, unemployment rate and high share of manufacturing jobs are not the criterions that corporations look for when investing in a new location. The author should have provided some other information which corporations look for in order to make a more logical conclusion. Further, author states that Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies. Author fails to state what is being offered by Helios to attract the corporations. Author once again fails to provide complete information. Author must have stated the various schemes, stimulus packages, tax exemptions, land allocation etc which could be offered to the companies if they invest in Helios. Thus, the author does not provide valid evidences and complete information in order to evaluate the argument putforth. Author should provide additional specific and relvant information so that corporation can evaluate whether to invest in Helios or not.

Haier

MGF 403 Assignment 4 Was Haier’s decision to globalize into developed markets early on a good strategy? Haier focus on difficult market first. In this context, difficult means developed and big for the market ,for example, Europe and United States markets . Zhang decides to aim for harder market first because he thinks that after Haier can conquer the developed market, the emerging or developing market should be relatively easy to penetrate. Besides, a lot of other Chinese firms is going towards the emerging markets such as Southeast Asia.Therefore, Haier has a different management in not doing what others do. It is a good thing that Haier distribute niche products and offer many different varieties in different markets with being responsive towards customers need and feedback. In this case, Haier learns in getting to know how the market behaves as well as the competitors around. Unfortunately, there are a few weaknesses in this strategy. First of all, Haier could not be in th e scale as the other big competitors therefore Haier will not receive a large market share in developed markets.Plus, Haier in the developed market is very new and unknown by people. In addition, certain foreign markets perceive Chinese products, especially in household appliances and electronic devices, as a relatively poor quality products. This is the first impression held by most people. Can Haier build on its success in niche products to become a dominant global brand in high-end white goods? As long as Haier try to adapt their product into the current objective market, such as the water test in the washing machines, fridge temperature, and voltage, they can gain customer recognition and satisfaction.However, in order to introduce Haier products into high-end white goods can be relatively difficult because there are still many big local companies that has the trend design and are more recognized by the people in the society. Well, starting from a unique niche product is a very good start to differentiate Haier brand to the other and promote Haier to the society. With Haier brand sounds familiar already, Haier can gradually increase its sales. And from that point onwards, Haier can control and monitor its business. Having said that Haier can do well in the specified market such as the student and offices refrigerators ,but Haier will face hallenge in launching all its standard white goods considering the outside factors. Is Haier’s â€Å"three thirds† strategy a viable or visible approach? Haier’s â€Å"three third† strategy comprises of one-third from goods produced and sold in China, one-third produced in China and sold overseas, and one-third produced and sold overseas. In order to analyze whether this strategy fits or not, we have to take a look at the market condition. If the objective market is a growing market, this strategy might apply well since we can monitor the allocation of resources and focus on important areas in the market.On the other hand, if the market that we choose is in mature stage, this strategy might not be a good option because the company will tend to focus on a certain area of the market and disregard the other. Additionally, if there is a market that outperform the other markets, the allocation of resources in the particular market will be given to the other lower market in order to achieve the equally one-third weighted goal among them. Therefore, the potential in getting more revenue at the outperforming market will be disrupted.

KINGDOM PLANTAE

Non-Flowering Mosses (Bryophyte) Ferns (Pterodactyl) Gymnosperms 2. Flowering Angiosperms Monocotyledon Dicotyledonous Vascular tissues and the seeds play a vital role in transporting substances (water, minerals, and sugars) throughout the plant. Seeds are structures, which contains an embryo that helps In storing food. Phylum Bryophyte (Mosses) Referred to as Bryophytes Simplest plants; simple stems and leaves No true roots; very small in structureNon- vascular land plant; do not contain any conducting tissues Have rhizomes for anchorage Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal) Mainly growing on damp terrestrial land, on other plants, and on rocks Reproduction process is carried in their spores. (seedless) Play a vital role in soil erosion Ex: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornwort Phylum Patriarchate (Ferns) Parts 1. Frond CLC a leaf (finely divided into small parts) 2. Pains/Pinnate C small parts of the frond 3. Sort C] spores Has true roots; feathery leaves & underground stemsHave vascula r tissues Spore- reproducing organs (seedless) Involved in transportation of fluids Ex: Horsetails, ferns, and club mosses Phylum Angiosperms Flowering plants; vascular Develops seeds within a protective structure called an ovary, which is embedded in the flower Reproduction process is carried by Angiosperm Angiosperms in the class Dicotyledonous grows into two-seed leaves (cotyledons). Two kinds of Angiosperms: 1. Monocotyledon 1 seed leaf Netted/reticulate veins Multiplies by 3 petals 2.Dicotyledonous 2 seed leaves Leaves have veins in network Multiplies by 4-5 petals An angiosperm's leaf consists of a single, branched, main vein. Shrubs, vines, and flowers Phylum Gymnosperms Non-flowering plants Ex: trees, Contains undeveloped seeds which are present in an enclosed structure Tall evergreen trees Have roots, woody stems Needle-shaped leaves Cones with reproductive structures Naked seeds in female cones Called â€Å"naked seeds† because seeds are exposed outside Ex: Palms, c arpet lawns, etc.

Thomas Edisons contribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas Edisons contribution - Essay Example In 1979, Edison developed a carbon-filament lamp. He demonstrated operation of lamp at his Menlo Park laboratory. Very next year, he began producing lamps commercially in which he used carbonized bamboo as filaments. After finding that the oxygen weakens the platinum once it gets heated, he put the filament in a vacuum bulb. This surely improved the performance of his lamp. The market was eagerly waiting for a device that could solve their lighting needs. Edison applied the Joule's and Ohm's laws in developing high resistance lamps reducing the size of copper conductors and thereby its cost. He was the first person to convert carbon into a wire-kind ; the invention helped him to make incandescent electric lamps providing one more utility that fulfilled market needs (Inventions (2012).  Ã‚   Electric Power SystemWhen question comes to developing electric power system, he felt the need to develop host of other devices such as electrical generator, electric motors, fuses to prevent ov erloading, and the screw socket to hold lamps. Edison also designed a direct-current system that was required to provide power to an isolated single building. Soon he realized that an alternating current system was a better alternative for high-voltage transmission. He did not develop an alternating current system because he believed that high voltages were unsafe. His contribution to the development of electrical systems and devices is unprecedented.His only invention in the field of pure science came to be known as the Edison effect.

Irish Historiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Irish Historiography - Essay Example The Irish Potato Famine and Revolution comprise the twin pillars of the Irish nationalism's post-1923 ideal of the Republic. The two disparate events were celebrated, recalled and made into mythology for very different reasons. The Great Hunger was seen, within nationalist circles, as a largely avoidable food crisis, precipitated and subsequently exacerbated by British ineptitude and an attitude that saw the Irish as expendable quasi-citizens. The Revolution, on the other hand, was portrayed as a glorious event which successfully liberated an oppressed people, while making heroes and martyrs of men such as Michael Collins who, "in a span of six short years brought a country from bondage to a position where she could win her freedom." (Conlon & Barter, 2003, p.20). Both events would likewise serve as the twin axis upon which revisionism was to flourish - the backlash against nationalism both from within and outside of Eire. Fuelled by frustrated patriotism and the deep-rooted influence of the Irish Diaspora in the New World, post-Famine Irish Nationalism espoused an interpretive view of history which conflicted with reality. Furthermore, the practice of history in Ireland has traditionally been merged with oral tales of the past, endowing Irish historiography with a romanticised view of the real life narratives which inspired it. The combination of these two external factors produced a history that was, following the mid-nineteenth century, a potent mix of literature, folklore and propaganda with the result that fact often made way for a more apt form of fiction, unchallenged until the advent of revisionism after 1930. As expressed by R.F. Foster, "rather like generals always fighting the previous battle, cultural revolutionaries rarely get the revolution they expected" (Foster, 2001, p.20). Inspired by romantic writers such as Yeats, turn of the century Irish historians were highly critical of the British Government's sluggish relief tactics in response to the failure of the potato crops in 1845. 'Famine' was renamed 'starvation', with emphasis on the allegedly deliberate nature of the event, and it was taught in republican schools as the only correct version of events. Moreover, nationalist academic research appeared to prove the most damning charge levelled against the British, namely that there was indeed large food stocks available in England and withheld from the starving Irish. The selective use of primary sources determined that revisionist theory, following its emergence in the 1930's, be more concerned with evaluating all of the source material, rather than concentrating only on those facts that underpinned the nationalist republican political ideology. Throughout the dissection of modern Irish history, even after the 1930's, voices that dared to question the v alidity of the term 'starvation' were denounced as traitors or British sympathisers. Indeed, for many years, only those historians who shared the Nationalist viewpoint would receive patronage for their work: this was the historical compromise that mirrored the North/South, Protestant/Catholic divide in Ireland during the twentieth century. Apart from a

London Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

London - Case Study Example Project managers should ensure they select tactics, which will work in favor of the organizations’ goals and objectives. During the 2012 London Olympic Games, the challenge was to ensure maximum participation and revenue for the organizations responsible for managing the events (President and Fellows of Harvard College, 1). A good pricing strategy enables organizations to utilize their resources effectively. The organizations are able to achieve this by ensuring that all available capacity is utilized effectively without unnecessary wastage. This reduces the operation cost since the fixed cost decreases with the increase in units of output. In 2012 London Olympic Games, organizers of the event were able to ensure that all capacity was utilized by selling all tickets for available seats to interested individuals and that no seats were left vacant (According to President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2. The sales of tickets accounts for twenty percents of total revenue for Olympic Games organization. When setting prices for the company’s products, marketers should ensure that their products are accessible to as many people as possible. This will help to make the products and services popular and enable them maximize their market share. They should target clients from different classes by setting different prices for different groups’ people. In 2012 London Olympic Games, the organization responsible for coordinating the games tickets at affordable prices to ensure as many people as possible attended the games (President and Fellows of Harvard College, 3). They had estimated a total of 7.9 million people would attend the function, and so they prepared tickets for the estimated group. Setting prices for the products also requires the company to ensure that their target groups are not locked out of the organizations products. During the London Olympic Games in 2012, organization which was

Literature for Research - Impact of diabetes among the lebanese Essay

Literature for Research - Impact of diabetes among the lebanese community in sydney - Essay Example In 2004-05, 3.6% of the Australian population, approximately 700,000 persons, reported that they had diabetes. This figure has gone up. The estimated number of Australians with diabetes will be 1.23 million by the year 2010. Statistics show that the prevalence of diabetes is higher among people born overseas compared with people born in Australia (AIHW 2003). ABS data shows that in 2004-05, among persons born overseas, rates of diabetes were highest for persons born in Southern and Central Asia (8.7%), North Africa and the Middle East (6.6%), South East Asia (5.7%) and Southern and Eastern Europe (4.9%) (after adjusting for age differences). By comparison, the rate of diabetes for persons born in Australia was 3.3% (ABS 2006). The increasing cases of diabetes amongst Lebanese people are also a cause of worry. Sydney is host to a large number of Lebanese people, migrated to the country, hence the city, in search of better job opportunities living standards. There are many studies indicating increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus in these families. These have been ascribed to hereditary factors, food habits, prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and increased consanguinity over many generations (Abou-Daoud, 1969). Acculturation is a social phenomenon where family values tend to play important roles, and social and cultural factors related to the immigrant race determine the patterns of acceptance or resistance of newer cultural norms (Bhugra, 2004). This means community, family and social life will have an important impact of the disease on the family and quality of life of the individual (Dept Human Services (Vic), 2004). Diabetes in any population is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, economic , cultural, and social impacts on the person, family, relations, and the community (Zalloua, 2003). Therefore exploration into these factors can discover the qualitative indicators that are

Myspace.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Myspace.com - Essay Example One example Webb uses to illustrate this point regards recent news stories about sexual predators and cyber bullies whose goal is to target innocent victims. Webb suggests that users who post sexually suggestive photos and outrageous comments are attracting attention to themselves, thereby making it easier for the criminal faction to find their prey. He concludes that it is MySpace itself which is responsible for the problems outlined in the article. It is my opinion, however, that while users who ignore online safety tips when posting information on MySpace could be putting themselves in danger, this is not the fault of the social networking site itself. Actually, use of the MySpace site can be advantageous as far as encouraging communication, but users must take proper precautions in keeping certain personal information private in order that sexual predators and other criminals are not given easy means to find their victims. While many worry about Myspace as a venue for criminals, its proper usage will ensure it is not inherently dangerous. As UC Berkeley researcher Danah Boyd asserts, "It's a hyped up fear" (from Poulsen, 2). Regardless of age, Myspace users who exhibit some caution in what information they are posting online will prevent predators from easily finding them. The responsibility for exercising caution rests with the users themselves, and not Myspace. Kevin Poulsen, in his article, "Scenes From the Myspace Backlash", announces this startling statistic, "Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal announced...seven underage girls in one region of the state were fondled or had consensual sex with adult men they'd met through the site, and who had lied about their age. MySpace is a 'parent's worst nightmare'." Apparently the impetus for these crimes could be traced back to communication between online predators and the teenagers via Myspace. But is it proper to blame the website, or shoul d the blame actually lie with the users themselves Oftentimes, teenagers post personal information on their profiles, allowing the public at large access to such data as their home address, phone number, and place of employment (Wilkins). Personally, I have maintained a Myspace page for years and I would never consider it dangerous; however, this is due to the fact that I don't post personal information. My own motivation for becoming part of this online community was due more to the fact that I could find new friends and others who shared my interests. Certainly, I do not wish anyone to know my home address and show up unexpectedly at my home. MySpace has exhibited due diligence in advising users not to post real information regarding personal addresses and places of employment, etc. so that online predators are able to track them down. My profile is in accordance with the suggestions of the site and therefore I have never had concern regarding my own safety. Ultimately, it the fau lt of the teenagers themselves for using the site irresponsibly and posting information in direct contrast to the advice of Myspace managers. MySpace may be the biggest, most popular social networking site but it is not the only one. There are a whole host of other websites which market themselves as social networking

Law of Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law of Contract - Essay Example It is common for one party to make statements during the course of negotiations for a contract with the object and perhaps the effect of inducing the other party to enter into a contract. Where a contract of sale has been reduced to writing, assurances which were given by the seller as to his land or his goods, as the case may be, will probably be held not to form part of the contract if they are not referred to in the document. A statement of fact that is false will be actionable as a misrepresentation where the misrepresented intends it to be acted on and where it is reasonably relied on by the misrepresentee. The issue of misrepresentation can be traced from 1881 in Redgrave v Hurd[1881] 20 Ch.D.1, in which the plaintiff, a solicitor, inserted in the Law Times an advertisement offering to â€Å"take as partner an efficient lawyer and advocate, about forty, who would not object to purchase advertiser’s suburban residence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The defendant replied to the advertisement, and had two interviews with the plaintiff, at which, as Fry J found, the plaintiff had represented that his business was bringing in either about  £300 a year, or from  £300 to  £400 a year. At a third interview, the plaintiff produced summaries of business done in 1877, 1878 and 1879. The summaries showed gross receipts not quite amounting to  £200 a year.

An Element of Art and Science Essay Example for Free

An Element of Art and Science Essay Astrology provides a very debatable kind of knowledge that is generally assessed by the intelligent as a useless kind of knowledge, which only makes sense for the ignorant. At the same time astrology is usually associated with gypsies and hucksters, who are known for their deceptive and fake knowledge, as they try to deceive people for their own financial interest. On the other hand, we find people with high education attempting to study astrology and very much respect the kind of knowledge it offers them. Whether such knowledge offered through teaching astrology in universities is worth doing or to be considered an inapplicable knowledge for high education is a critical decision to make, which requires obtaining a great insight about astrology it self as an academic field in order to be able to make a correct assessment. Astrology is actually a combined form of knowledge that both combine both the element of art and of science in its essence. It contains the mathematical element as well as the artistic element o symbolism (Astrology? 891). Scientists usually disregard the art side of astrology and focus on the basic mathematical part of it, as they judge it as useless and insignificant. This actually destroys the wholeness and balance within the realm itself. This may be considered a reason for misunderstanding the real value of knowledge in astrology. It is also a fact that every field is vulnerable to be used by ignorant people who devoid it totally of its meaning and value, in order to sell it as cheap as possible in a market of ignorance that unfortunately have many customers who are wiling to buy, again this helps in misunderstanding Astrology (Astrology? 891); and as there is the presence of the competent and the incompetent in every field, and people usually search for the best in every profession, so why exclude Astrology (Astrology? 896). Astrology requires a sophisticated kind of thinking as it combines artistic and scientific knowledge, it can therefore never be considered as insignificant knowledge. It may not be appreciated by scientists due to the artistic element provided within it, and their total dependence on reason for discovering reality since the onset of the renaissance; thus reviving such forms of knowledge actually, shows the evolution of knowledge and thinking that reflects the significance of intuitive forms of knowledge besides the pure rational ones. The astrological knowledge in itself consists of a natural balance between intuitive and rational knowledge, and disturbing this balance will only lead to the production of inconsistent forms of knowledge that seem to appear on the surface to help in the generation of misunderstandings regarding astrology. The argument of scientists against Astrology reflects the on going disagreement between scientific knowledge and intuitive forms of knowledge. Scientists never admit the truth in any intuitive understanding, and they usually regarded as invalid. They never accept the fact the mystery is part of reality and that the rational mind can never be able to reach full understanding of the universe. Astrology is a balanced kind of knowledge as it respects both forms of thinking, which in fact a respect for nature and for the human being as part of that nature. I feel that the purpose of a reading is to understand ones life challenges And potential, to provide an opportunity for self reflection and life Evaluation, as well as to confirm ones intuitive sense of what ones Life is about (Astrology? 895). Human beings as well as nature are made of matter and soul that can never be detached from each other as long as life is there. How can scientists reach the truth if they are actually altering the natural balance in life by looking for material proof and ignoring the intuitive reality of nature? The soul remains a mystery that can never be explained by scientific truth, and science can not resolve the question of life and death. There fore, accepting astrology as a significant form of knowledge by a scientist is truly a question of him admitting intuition as a part of reality. From another side, if the issue had not been on intuition, regarding astrology, it is still a form of knowledge that surely provides the individual with some insight about life and introduces him to different kinds of thinking; it should be even credited for this reason alone, my studies in Astrology, as well as in other fields, are attempts to understand the grand design of the whole (Astrology? 894). Scientists also accuse Astrological interpretive knowledge of not being exact stars incline but do not compel (A critical? 882), and this fact works against scientific logic which is sharp and determinant. But actually, life in it self is never exact or straight forward and clear as mathematical knowledge entails for instance. Astrology may actually provide the best for of understanding of life and nature; it allows people to understand reality the way it is without trying to alter its nature. The whole issue of prediction and future related knowledge can never be definite or fully explainable, to discuss future probabilities is much like giving a weather report (Astrology? 896). On the other hand, it should be admitted that Astrological knowledge may help in creating dependent and weak individuals, if they used it wrongly. It might lead them to spin in a cycle, which they might not be able to break. People can stress too much on the intuitive knowledge in Astrology and thus once again altering its balance of logic and intuition and thus getting again a wrong insight about life and nature, with an accompanied change in personality and attitude to life Astrology, when practiced as completely as possible, takes away from ach of us our right and duty to make our own personal decisions (A Critical? 882). In the case of a scientist who puts great emphasis on logic and excludes intuition, makes him a rough and rigid person who stands weak in front of the scientifically unexplained mysteries of the world; while in the case of the ignorant who does the opposite to give too much significance to intuition and disregards reason suffers another kind of weakness that creates a dependent and shattered personality. But again we must also admit that this would be the case with any field if wrongly interpreted. All in all, I believe that Astrology is a sophisticated form of knowledge that should be respected for the special thinking abilities it provides an individual who studies it. It also reflects on the importance of providing a balance between Art and Science, and thus between logic and intuition, which is found deep within the nature of man and the universe he lives in. I would very strongly recommend all institutions of high education to teach Astrology in order to correct the misunderstanding entitled to it, and thus expose the rich and deep knowledge it provides. Works Cited Bok, Bart J. A Critical Look at Astrology. The Humanist Costello, Priscilla. Astrology, Science or Abracadabra? Wellesley College.

The Ancient Greek Education Theology Religion Essay

The Ancient Greek Education Theology Religion Essay The Ancient Greek Education and the Effect on the Western World. The education system today has been built on ideas and influences of the past. By building and expanding ideas, education has grown into an ever-evolving system. However, there are still strong influences from past cultures affecting the education system in the Western World. Today, the Ancient Greeks continue to influence the Western World with their legacy, especially in education; with the Athenian and Spartan systems being looked back to for guidance on todays system and the teachers of Ancient Greece being used in teaching methods and evaluation. The Athenian school system is looked back on and influences todays public school system. They were also the first to introduce a system of higher education, which is equivalent to todays post-secondary institutions. Spartans had a much regimented school schedule and were primarily taught fighting and survival, paralleling todays military school systems. Another comparison that can be drawn in the young age that the Spartans began training and were taught that the state is the prime concern; similar to Hitlers youth groups in World War Two. The teachers in Ancient Greece are looked back to for their teaching methods and evaluations of teaching itself. Socrates, Aristotle, and the Sophists are the major influences of the Western World with their teaching methods and evaluations. The Western Worlds education system has evolved and changed but still has the strong influences of the Athenian schooling system. Todays education system has been affected by the legacy left behind by the Ancient Greeks. Especially with the Athenian education which provides examples of higher education and public school systems. There have been many ideas as to who first created higher education, such as Socrates, but it was the Pythagoreans, it seems, who established a real school of higher education- the distant ancestor of our modern universities(Flaceliere, 112). The higher education was influenced by the time period as it was the sons of wealthier parents usually continued their childrens education to the age of 18 with specialist teachers in medicine, law, rhetoric or the increasingly popular courses given by the sophists(Adkins, 254). Athenians had speciality teachers who focused on main areas of study for students who desired and could afford the higher education that was offered. Similarly, we have higher education where students specialize in certain fields. Today these fields are taught at university or college and the Athenians were taught by philosophers or one of the travelling Sophists. Even these fields today are similar to the ones that were taught by the Athenians; one in particular being medicine. Another popular area of study for the Athenians and scholars today is law. Even though the Athenian education system has not been actively used for thousands of years, examples and influences are still drawn from it. The establishment of higher education in Ancient Greece provides evidence as to how the Athenian education system provides a strong influence over the Western Worlds education. However, higher education was not the only influential aspect of the Athenian school system. The modern Western World is privy to private school institutions where the parents provide the funds for their childs education; paralleling the Athenians methods of education as well as the mandatory school attendance. Today, students are required by the Ontario government to attend school until the age of sixteen, similar to the Athenians as while there was absence of a written stature, compulsory education was most certainly enforced by custom and tradition-which are just as binding as an instrument (Flaceliere, 92). Attending school is compulsory for students in todays school system, equivalent to the mandatory schooling in Ancient Athens. Another part of Athenian education that corresponds with todays schooling is the funding for education by parents and benefactors with an extension of elementary education, with generous foundations set up in some cities to fund teachers (Hornblower, Spawforth, 245). Today, private school systems are funded by parents and there are also generous supporters of the students, offering scholarships or bursaries, allowing students to attend school as did wealthy civilians in Athens. The Athenian education system has grown and evolved to include higher education and benefactors to help with the funding for schooling. Today, the education system has been influenced by the Athenians in terms of university. The Western Worlds education may be changing; however, it still draws influence from the Athenians and other Ancient Greek city states. The Spartan education system has also had a lasting legacy on the Western World as they have been influential for military schools of today and the Hitler Youth Groups that began during the World War Two period. Education in Sparta had the study of letters was restricted to the bare minimum; for the rest, their education consisted exclusively in learning unquestioning obedience, superhuman endurance, and how to win at wrestlingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ their heads were close-shaved (Plutarch, 1). The Spartans focused more intensely on military training and leaning that the state itself came before anything else. They were not concerned with reading and writing as the Athenians were, satisfied to focus intensely on military training, which is reflected in the impacts left on todays education in the Western World. Today, examples can be seen in different military institutions such as; the service academies-the Coast Guard Academy, Air Force Academy, West Point and Annapolis- are shown to have been long involved with the task of finding the synthesis point between the Athenian and Spartan philosophies(Lovell, 1). The Spartan education system differs greatly from the Athenian education system, focusing more on fighting and survival as the state was immersed in military culture. This could be relatively compared to todays military schools and systems as they focus on survival and repetition of drills. Spartans were focused on survival and becoming the fiercest warriors in order to protect and provide pride for their state. Also, the students who come out of military school are taught that they are fighting for the state; similarly, the Spartans were taught that the state comes first. Many military schools today draw on the Spartan discipline by keeping strict rules and regulations that candidates must follow. Also, these schools emphasize that the students will be representing their country and must make the country proud. Sparta was a state dominated city, meaning that the state was put above anything else and this belief pervaded into all aspects of Spartan life, including their education system, which influences modern day Western World education. At the age of seven a young Spartan male was enrolled (rather as young Fascists or Nazis were a few years ago) in a sequence of pre-military organizations which covered his entire childhood and adolescence (Flaceliere, 85). There are direct parallels between the young Spartans and the Hitler Youth Groups and military schools of today. Both are taught obedience, survival and that it is the state you must defend and put first, not anything or anyone else. The young Spartans and Germans had to learn to sacrifice their personal lives and well-beings in order to protect the state/country. Both had the common denominator of starting their candidates young with the goal being to have a military with a strong alliance to the state or country. The main goal of the Spartan education system was to create a well-drilled military machine composed of soldiers who were obedient to the word of command, capable of enduring hardships and victories in battle (Lin, 1). When the Spartan system pulled the young boys out of their homes, they became immersed in the state. The young boys were taught that the state is the most important aspect of their lives and that they were to represent the state. This can be compared to the Hitler Youth Groups of World War Two and military academies as they are taught that the state is their lives and they must represent accordingly. The Spartan education system used in Ancient Greece can be paralleled to todays military academy with the use of regimented drills and tutelage of survival skills. Also, the fact that the male Spartan youth were taken at a young age and immersed in propaganda of the state is similar to Hitler Youth Groups. Even thousands of years after events, the education system of Ancie nt Greece continues to influence the education system of today. The Western World not only draws influence from the different city states of Ancient Greece but the philosophers and sophists with their teaching styles and parallels to todays university professors. A large influence on todays teaching style is Socrates who taught with conversation, debate, back-and-forth between teacher and student, a focus on student talk rather than teacher talk (Schneider, 1), and Socratic classrooms can be relaxed or tense, loud or quiet, large or small (Schneider, 3). Socrates was a philosopher who taught young Greeks and his method of teaching is still taught today from kindergarten to post-secondary education. His philosophy when it came to teaching was to have the teacher ask questions to the students and have them answer instead of the student asking the teacher questions. Teaching in this way caused a new type of education to be developed, one where the students must find their own answers instead of relying on the teacher to provide all the answers for t hem. With his method the teacher or leader of the dialogue, asks probing questions in an effort to expose the values and beliefs which frame and support the thoughts and statements of the participants in the inquiry (Stanford University, 1). Socrates forced the students to learn and understand by asking these questions and making them think of their own answers instead of being given answers. His method of teaching forced the students to become self-sufficient and be able to think critically and deeply. University professors and middle school teachers alike use Socrates method to expand the students learning as Socrates did in Ancient Greece. He was not the only philosopher to influence the teaching system in todays Western World. Aristotle was another Ancient Greek philosopher who influenced the Western Worlds education system, by presenting a system in which teachers can be evaluated on their methods and effectiveness of teaching. His theory of Phronesis (practical wisdom) has enjoyed a revival in recent years. In modern philosophy, it supplies a possible basis for postmodern criticism of technological society and its limitations (Back, 1). This discusses Aristotles theory of practicality and how it can be applied to society and discussed in philosophy classes/ discussions. Aristotle believed that students needed to be taught practically, the only way for students to learn and more importantly understand; was to have them be taught in a useful, sensible way. He not only provided this popular teaching method but also evaluation methods for teachers that is used today. He also discourses that teachers need to be evaluated and under conditions of uncertainty and complex or convoluted situations, the professional must follow a process of deliberation in which he or she examines the appropriate means of achieving the goals in the specific parameters of the particular situation (Back, 2). Teachers must act accordingly to the problems presented when teaching and when putting a potential educator in an uncertain situation, it is all about seeing how the professional reacts. Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, taught and is now influencing teaching today. His methods of teaching are not necessarily used to teach, but rather to evaluate teachers and focus on the teachers ability instead. Despite the growing education system today, it can still be partial to the teachings of Ancient Greece. He is not the only influential person in Ancient Greek society, a large group of people, known as the sophists, also were significant in shaping the Western Worlds educati on. The sophists were a group of people who travelled around Ancient Greece and were paid to teach subjects that were not taught in the regular schooling in Greece. They are equivalent to todays university and college professors as they also focus on specialized topics and are paid a salary. Sophists were important not only to the development of todays education but also Ancient Greeces as they met a need for higher education and some amassed large fortunes. The word sophist does not refer to a school of thought but a professional teacher (Adkins, 254). The sophists are an ancient representation of modern day university professors. They taught specialized courses that required elementary schooling and extended knowledge to those who desired it. Also similar to todays university professors, the sophists also charged a fee for their services though today it seen as a cultural normality; in Ancient Greece, citizens, philosophers especially looked down at the sophists and the money they dema nded. The sophists introduced many innovative ideas to the Ancient Greece, not the least a salary for educating youths. These sophists introduced to the Ancient Greeks a new extended type of schooling that went beyond the regular schooling and had students (or their parents) paying for education. Philosophers of Ancient Greece did not approve of the sophists as they did not believe in the payment of teachings. However they did provide more under the general heading of philosophy they taught all the subjects then available that had not been covered by the elementary school curriculum: geometry, physics, astronomy, medicineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Adkins, 254). Even though they were not well liked in Ancient Greece they introduced a new way of teaching that influenced todays education system. University and college professors are the sophists of today; teaching specialized subjects and charging a fee. The Ancient Greeks provide guidance for the teachers of todays education system. They offer different styles of teaching methods and also how to evaluate teachers that are used commonly today. Influenced by the An cient Greeks, the Western Worlds education continues to change and grow. The Western World is influenced by the Ancient Greeks lasting legacy through the Athenian and Spartan education systems, and also by the teachers of Ancient Greece; influencing the teachers of today with the teaching styles and evaluation. The Athenian education system created higher education which parallels todays post-secondary education system and also provides a comparison between the compulsory education and private schooling. Todays military schools show influence from the Spartan education system. As well as the propaganda in Sparta that can be compared to the Hitler Youth Groups in Nazi Germany during World War Two. Ancient Greek philosophers provide methods of teaching styles and evaluation for teachers today, showing the influence and lasting legacy of the Ancient Greeks on the Western World.